Increasing food demands of burgeoning population along with land use change, climate variability and extremes, put unprecedented pressure on the food system. Moreover, land is scarce, and to produce enough food to cater these needs, a sustainable approach with maximum profit and minimum negative ecological consequences is required globally. These vulnerable agroecosystems are either labor intensive for smaller landholdings in Asia and Africa, or an extensive use of machinery in larger landholdings in North America and Europe. Moreover, injudicious use of inputs without considering the fact that agricultural land is not a homogenous unit, leads to several environmental consequences. While managing farm, quantifying the heterogeneity at field scale is a tedious task. Estimation and characterization of soil properties through multiple soil testing, field data collection, and disease and pest scouting over large acreages is simply impractical especially when farm acreage is large. Therefore faster and autonomous techniques to quantify that heterogeneity are required. Precision agriculture (PA) can facilitate the managing of crop production inputs in ecologically sustainable ways with minimum time and resources.